There is no uniform definition of microfiber fabrics in the world. The US PET Neighborhood Committee defines fibers with a monofilament fineness of 0.3 to 1.0 dtex as superfine fibers, and Japan defines fibers with a monofilament fineness below 0.55 dtex as superfine fibers. , Italy defines fibers with a single filament fineness below 0.5 dtex as ultrafine fibers, but most people think that those with a single filament fineness less than 1 dtex are ultrafine fibers, and those with a single filament fineness less than 0.1 dtex are considered ultrafine fibers. my country's textile industry believes that fibers with a single filament fineness less than 0.44 dtex are defined as superfine fibers. Most synthetic fibers can be prepared into superfine fibers, such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile and other fibers.
Ultrafine fibers are mainly divided into ultrafine natural fibers and ultrafine synthetic fibers. Ultrafine natural fibers mainly include animal fibers (spider silk, silk, leather, animal hair, etc.), plant fibers, etc.; ultrafine synthetic fibers mainly include polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and glass Fiber and other fiber varieties, the industry's largest output is polyester and polyamide two superfine fibers.
Superfine Natural Fiber
1. Animal fiber In order to survive and develop, organisms in nature have created a series of optimal compositions and structures driven by the external environment so that organisms have special structures and functions to adapt to environmental changes in nature. For example, the diameter of the silk spit out by spiders is 0.5-1.0 μm under normal circumstances, with good toughness (the elongation at break reaches 14%), and a strong ability to withstand heavy objects or strong external impacts. It can be used to prepare bulletproof vests worn by soldiers and The protective cover of military machinery can also be used in fields such as aerospace, construction, medicine, and health care, and has huge potential application value. Silk is another important natural protein fiber. It is composed of silk fibroin and sericin coated around the silk fibroin. Each silk is made of two single fibers juxtaposed. The linear density of the fiber after degumming is 1.1~1.3 dtex. Silk has high strength, its elongation at break can reach 15%~25%, and its abrasion resistance is better than other natural fibers. It also has important applications in the medical, textile, and military fields. In addition, animal fur (the microfibril diameter of wool fiber is 10~15nm) and the fibril linear density in the cortex are both less than 1.1dtex, which is the main reason for the excellent performance of natural fur and has become the first choice for bionic research and artificial leather manufacturing.
2. In addition to animal fibers, plant fibers are another natural fiber with excellent performance. They are mainly distributed in the sclerenchyma of seed plants. thing. As an outstanding representative of ultra-fine natural plant fibers, the diameter of cotton fibers is 10-17 μm, and the diameter of microfibrils, the smallest unit of cotton fibers, is about 6 nm, which are widely distributed on the surface of plant seeds. important raw material for the application. In addition, among the plant stems, some hemp herb stems. For example, ramie, jute, flax, etc. have relatively developed fiber bundles, and the fiber diameter is between 10 and 40 μm, which is an important source of raw materials for industrial textiles.
Ultrafine Synthetic Fiber
Humans have found a lot of inspiration from the development and evolution of natural organisms and developed many ultra-fine synthetic fibers, which are soft to the touch, excellent in durability, and comfortable to wear. They are currently the focus of research and development of ultra-fine fibers in various countries around the world. All major varieties of synthetic fibers in the industry, such as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, etc., can be obtained through certain technical means to obtain superfine fiber varieties. At present, the industrialization of superfine polyester is more mature than other fibers, and it occupies a dominant position in textile fibers.
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